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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear, they start treatment, consult pharmacists at the pharmacy and buy luxury drugs. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment could be without knowing the causes, type and form of the disease. In order to prevent complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo appropriate diagnostics.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the urinary tract and bladder. This disease is mostly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongs toXIV class, his code№30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis in no. 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (interstitial) code no. 30. 1.
  3. Chronic (other) cystitis in no. 30. 2.
  4. At trigonite no. 30. 3.
  5. The type of radiation of the inflammatory process in no. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis no. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis no. 30. 6.

Each form of inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease must be diagnosed in a medical institution and the medication recommended by the doctor must be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% of women under the age of 45. The main reason for the emergence of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of a woman. Other reasons include:

  • Improper genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Stress.
  • Unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of bladder inflammation is infection with intestinal infections.

What bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis is caused by infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida fungi.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasmas.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacter.
  10. Treponema pallidum.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcus.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Viruses.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacterium that causes the acute phase of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli most often causes cystitis in women

The first signs of illness in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of illness appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Low temperature.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Genital itching.
  • Drawing pain in the lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • Appearance of genital discharge.

Urine becomes cloudy with sediment in the form of flakes, mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in women is excruciating pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released often and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. At night, frequent urge to urinate.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. A feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, sharp smell.
  7. Excruciating pain occurs in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis in order to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman is worried about symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with this disease is a signneglecting the disease. The main reason is self-medication or unwillingness to visit a medical facility.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to developmentinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings on the walls of the bladder are irritated, which causes a frequent need to urinate. If the treatment is improper or neglected, the urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Do your kidneys hurt with cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which creates urine. Urine exits through the ureters, accumulates in the bladder, and then exits. If the inflammatory process in the bladder progresses, the infection climbs through the ureters to the kidneys, which is why kidney pain occurs in cystitis.

If the pain in the kidneys starts to intensify after cystitis, it means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if pain occurs in the kidneys, immediately consult a doctor for tests and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis depending on the nature of the disease, its causes, morphology, stage of development and spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can appear in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder due to various infections.
  2. Chronic- it differs from acute cystitis by the washed-out symptoms with occasional occurrence.
  3. Intermediate- is characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor on the walls of the urinary bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Cystitis on the honeymoon- this is a special form, it is typical for girls who start having sex. During the defloration process, foreign bacteria penetrate into the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • ContagiousCystitis occurs due to the entry of bacteria and harmful microorganisms into the bladder.
  • Traumatica type of disease resulting from injury and bruising of the urethra.
  • ChemicalCystitis occurs when it is not treated properly or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Hemorrhagicspecies arises as a result of viral diseases.
  • Hypercalceurictype occurs in women suffering from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasitictype is caused by the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexuallyCystitis occurs in women who often change sexual partners.
  • aircystitis occurs during procedures with exposure of the body to radiation.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is inflammation of the bladder neck.
  • Fungaltype develops if Candida fungi are present in the body.
  • HormonesCystitis in women is caused by an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and facilitates the penetration of infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute type of inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Causes of recurrent type:

  1. Chronic non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical anomalies, such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Constant hypothermia.

For the recurrent type of disease, the treatment is the same as for acute cystitis.

Diagnostics

The doctor performs an initial examination of the patient, collects anamnesis and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood analysis.
  • General urinalysis.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Swab of vaginal microflora.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
An ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the test results, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes the appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to treat cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a course of treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the likelihood of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with drugs in several stages. Self-medication can lead to the development of complications, and the treatment will take a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis appears, first of all you need to see a doctor and get tested to find out the cause of its occurrence.

Antibiotics, herbal remedies, warm baths and folk remedies are prescribed for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary organs. The methods of treatment and the dosage of drugs are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, a complex treatment with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines is carried out, and in case of severe pain, painkillers are prescribed.

During treatment with antibiotics, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, spasmolytics, herbal medicines

Antispasmodics are prescribed for severe spasms.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by a doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the urinary system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in fighting the inflammatory process. This includes:

  • Lingonberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Products based on cranberry fruits and medicinal herbs.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Herbal decoctions, infusions and oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Herbal collection for the urinary system.
  3. Calendula.
  4. Series.
  5. St. John's wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

For quick and effective treatment, complex therapy is carried out.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in the case of an acute type of disease, for its treatment,antispasmodics and antimicrobials. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, whereby antibiotic therapy cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute type of the disease, the body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that you must issue a sick leave certificate.

In the case of a chronic illness, sick leave is not issued, because the illness has no pronounced symptoms. It should be borne in mind that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and diagnostic procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease, in its acute and chronic form, can be treated quickly and effectively, but if the treatment is carried out independently and improperly, the inflammation takes other forms, complications arise that develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis turns into interstitial, hemorrhagic, gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Empyema of the bladder.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The danger of complications is that new diseases appear in the body.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is important to follow the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Maintain a drinking regimen.
  2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat a healthy, balanced diet.
  6. Reject bad habits.
  7. Drink decoctions of diuretic herbs.
  8. Practice.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit a doctor, diagnose diseases on time and take preventive measures.